Surface of room temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] studied by polarization- and experimental configuration-dependent sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface.     

Observation and analysis of near-surface atmospheric aerosol optical properties in urban Beijing

Year-round measurements of the mass concentration and optical properties of fine aerosols(PM_2.5) from June 2009 to May 2010 at an urban site in Beijing were analyzed.The annual mean values of the PM_2.5 mass concentration,absorption coefficient（Ab）,scattering coefficient（Sc） and single scattering albedo（SSA）at 525 nm were 67±66μg/m³,64 ±62 Mm^-1,360 ±405 Mm^-1 and 0.82 ±0.09,respectively.The bulk mass absorption efficiency and scattering efficiency of the PM_2.5 at 525 nm were 0.78 m²/g and 5.55 m²/g,respectively.The Ab and Sc showed a similar diurnal variation with a maximum at night and a minimum in the afternoon,whereas SSA displayed an opposite diurnal pattern.Significant increases in the Ab and Sc were observed in pollution episodes caused by the accumulation of pollutants from both local and regional sources under unfavorable weather conditions.Aerosol loadings in dust events increased by several times in the spring,which had limited effects on the Ab and Sc due to the low absorption and scattering efficiency of dust particles.The frequency of haze days was the highest in autumn because of the high aerosol absorption and scattering under unfavorable weather conditions.The daily PM_2.5concentration should be controlled to a level lower than 64 μg/m³ to prevent the occurrence of haze days according to its exponentially decreased relationship with visibility.     

Direct synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene and carbon dioxide catalyzed by quaternary ammonium heteropolyphosphatotungstate–TBAB system

In this paper,we have developed a highly efficient method for the direct preparation of propylene carbonate from propylene and carbon dioxide(CO2) using quaternary ammonium heteropolyphosphatotungstate–quaternary ammonium halide catalytic system with anhydrous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant through one-pot two-step process.The effects of the amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBAB),the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and other reaction conditions were investigated.The catalyst system gave an optimum propylene oxide yield(91%) at75°C in oxidation step and the highest propylene carbonate yield(99%) at 140°C and 3.0 MPa in cycloaddition step.Based on the results,a reaction mechanism has been proposed.     

基于拓扑描述函数的连续体结构拓扑优化方法

提出了一种利用拓扑描述函数(TDF)作为拓扑设计变量求解连续体结构拓扑优化问题 的新方法. 优化问题的目标函数是结构的整体柔顺性，约束条件为对于可利用材料的体积限 制. 这种方法不仅可以消除拓扑优化中经常出现的棋盘格式等数值不稳定现象，而且能够有 效地抑制传统算法处理此类优化问题时所引发的边界扩散效应. 与其它的基于水平集描述函 数的拓扑优化方法相比，所提出的算法不仅无需求解控制水平集函数演化的双曲守恒方 程，而且合理地考虑了目标函数的拓扑导数信息，因而使得算法的计算效率有了显著的提高.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE-HYPERBRANCHED MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLE FOR BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN IMMOBILIZATION

A hyperbranched polyamidoamine polymer was synthesized on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles to enhance bovine serum albumin (BSA) immobilization efficiency. The amount of immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the surface-hyperbranched magnetite nanoparticle was up to 2.5 times as much as that of magnetite nanoparticle modified with only amino silane.     

沟槽面与光滑面湍流边界层特性比较

应用ＬＤＶ技术对沟槽面及光滑面湍流边界层流速和湍流度分布进行了精细的测量，实验结果表明：与光滑面相比，沟槽面湍流边界层时均流速分布对数公式中具有较大的积分常数Ｃ值，且沟槽面湍流度最大值较小，但其出现的位置距壁面较远。另外，偏斜因子及平坦因子的分布特性区别不大，但是在近壁区内沟槽面结果波动较大。     

SURFACE MODIFICATION AND DISPERSION OF NANODIAMOND IN CLEAN OIL

The effect of different kinds of surfactants on the size distribution of nanodiamond particles in clean oil was studied.Results show that the dispersing stability of nanodiamond modified with surfactangts YS-1 and SB-18 simulta-neously is much better than those modified with either of them because of synergism of the surfactangts.And the particle size distribution in the system can be improved remarkably after the adoption of hyperdispersants such as SA-E and SA-F.Anchoring groups of those hyperdispersants can be bonded with the particle surface by chemical and/or hydrogen bonding and their soluble chains are well compatible with the dispersion media.As a result,the particles are uniformly distrbuted in the system owing to the steric stabilization.A very stable clean-oil based nanodiamond suspension with an average particle size of around 53.2 nm was prepared.     

构造本构方程的另一种方法——非平衡不可逆热力学方法

重点介绍了以Onsager-Casimir倒易定律为基础,从不可逆热力学观点出发,对远离平衡状态,引进新的变量(被称为动态变量),构造本构方程．并以简单剪切流场为例,求出了测黏函数．     

白洋淀内水体的流动特征研究

研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响，研究指出：(1)风应力可看作是水体循环 的主要驱动力. (2)在风应力的作用下，水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致，下层水体 的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆. (3)表层以下水体流动复杂，次表层水平流动有明 显的双涡结构. (4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大，垂向速度变化复杂，垂向上有双涡 流动现象. 从动力学角度研究了淀内水体流动的情况.